Research: Buying behaviour and culture

Research Buying behaviour and lastData AnalysisThe following chapter aims to provide the reader with the results generated trunk the questionnaire distributed manu eachy. The analysis and discussion is focused on evaluating the primary data in the line with objectives of the proposed study which is intimately Buying behaviour and culture.Respondent to head teachernaireThere be total of 80 Questionnaire was given to large number belong to Pakistani community of pleases and only 33 Questionnaires atomic number 18 returned which is 41 % of total and interpreted for further look for. boilers suit there ar 59 % Questionnaires was not respondent and could not include for analysis.Feels Happy in Cultural ClothesThe on a lower floor chart verbalises that females and males of al well-nigh all the category of suppurates considerably ease up heavy point of view that it give them flavours of happiness when they wear their pagan garment because it realise a going a look and as well it gives them feeling of belonging to the traditional cultural as well.Cultural Clothes as IdentityThe below Graph is showing that females of age 26-35 and similarly females of age 18-25 argon significant believes that cultural tog ar their identity and the Males of middle age 36-49 and above 50 believes that cultural clothes are their identity. Here the difference between the Females and Males age difference shows that Female of Young age are more than concern about their cultural identity as compared to Males because they just aboutly do not twainer about article of clothing as cultural identity.Peer Group and Reference Group influencingThe below interpret shows that females of age group 18-25 and age 26-35 consider the compliments of the family and friends for the destining and also males of age 18-25 and 26-35 believes that sound judgement of the family and friends are important follow for choice clothing. It shows tat Overall males and females of Pakistani community is influenced by the reference groups compliments and opinions. fit in to the studies about the Pakistani community it was observed that they obligate strong influences of peer group specially the family and parents who always give them guidance and opinion about their behaviour and culture.Cultural Influences for shopping of ClothesThe below Graph is about the point of view when Pakistani community looking for shopping .When heap are going for clothes shopping they consider the cultural they belong as this graph shows that females of the community between age group of 18-25, 26-35 and 36-49 consider that culture influences the shopping for clothing but males gravel not shows the large impingement of cultural for their shopping. According to studies carried for Pakistani community also discussed that people subscribe strong feeling and believes about the culture and also feel happy when they do something depending on their culture.Western and east Clothes Likeness between Old and sassy GenerationsThe below graph shows that New generation Strong believed that western clothes are good to wear and they like it. It show that Female and male of age between 18-25 and 26-35 are significantly agreed that they likes the western clothes and it is important for Marketers to know that this segment devour strong view point about gloss of Western clothes.The blow graph shows that Old Generation likes the Eastern Clothes. If we look at graph it clearly shows that Females and Males of middle age 36-49 are more concerned towards the eastern clothes and hey have strong believe that eastern clothes are good to wear.If we look at old and impertinently generations Likeness about eastern and western clothes we can analysis that new generation likes more western clothes and they follow the western clothing trend as compared to old generation which is still following the eastern cultural clothes and fashion. It show that old generation have more impact of the cu ltural believes and determine on them as compared to new generation.Religious Gathering and Traditional ClothesThe below graph show that females of all age consider that traditional clothing is important for religious gathering and they prefer to dress up according to the gathering requirements on this preference of traditional clothing males have not show he significant impact of gathering and traditional clothes which shows that females are more concerned about the traditional clothing as compared to males for the religious gathering. According to the Studies shows that Pakistani Community have strong religious, traditional, beliefs, Rituals which reflects in their buying behaviour which seen in research carried out as inessential research.If Western Brands Offer Eastern ClothesThe below graph shows that Pakistani community will feel happy if they can queue eastern clothes in western discolouration shops like Asda and next etc. Females and males of young to middle age are stro ngly believed that it would be pleasure to shop when they can buy eastern clothes in western brands shopping. It is important to know about this segment point of view about this and Asda is already considering this eastern clothing for this segment and they are on the job(p) good and people also showed their interest in this research (secondary research about Asda).If Eastern Shops Start selling Western ClothesThe below graph showing that people are somehow interested to buy western clothes if eastern shops start selling. But their point of view about this in twain(prenominal) gender males and females are not significant considerably so it is telling about that they feel more happy to busy western clothes from western brand shops rather than eastern. It is important for marketers to know about this to start any new product for this community.Quality is more important than PriceThe below Graph shows that Pakistani community have strong believe that quality is more important than legal injury. Females and males twain consider this that quality is more important and also this graph shows that young and middle age people are always considering quality as important factor to buy clothes. It shows that old age people are still not that much aware about the quality product they still try to consider the price and it is also social fork factor that people look for the low price even if the quality is not good and it was seen in secondary research as well. According to secondary research about the Pakistani community also shown that people are brand lover yet they are still advised about price as well because of exchange rate but as far as young generation they are not that much price conscious they are brand lover and take brand as status symbol it can be the reason that they are born here.Research moralityResearch ethics is the appropriateness of how the researcher behaves in relation to the rights of the respondents who puzzle the subject of the researchers work, or are affected by it (saunder et all 2003), Throughout the building block research there will need to be a consideration of the ethical issues. Ethnical responsibilities like honestly and with integrated work have been interpreted care. Fraud has been avoided to bring new finding by the research. Data analysis has been done on in right direction by using jump sheet.Conclusion According to the secondary research and the result of primary research which is done by questionnaire shows that Pakistani community Have strong believes, values and religious rite consideration when they are buying Clothes. They consider their culture as important factor and have strong influence towards shopping for dresses.Growth Prospects And Outcomes Due to affix in Pakistani population and their economic status as leading high earning community with massive expenditure capametropolis, marketer should study more cultural and consumer buying Behavior of this community in UK market, by forming Pa kistani consumer market segment, targeting and Positioning Pakistani consumer in UK to make business more profitable, expandable and providing die customer services. Currently there are few branded shops target perfectly the Pakistani consumer, but still to marketers need to understand the Pakistani consumer and research their cultural influences to make this segment important.Further ResearchDue to limited resource of manpower and clock time, Research can be further carried out on larger scale, more geographically, aged group and big target consumer. Further researched is needed on Pakistani consumer buying Behaviour, understanding cultural and social characteristics and its implication.Oliver misdirect by Charles ogre AnalysisOliver Twist by Charles Dickens AnalysisOliver Twist by Charles Dickens.Given the reputation and gravity of Oliver Twist, it is sometimes difficult to revert that this was only Dickens second novel, written and serialised in 1838. Moreover, it was a r isky project because Dickens had won massive touristy acclaim on the origination of his preceding novel, The Pickwick Papers (1836), which could not have been more antithetic in its comic recording of the adventures of the Pickwick Club. Nevertheless, Dickens novel of the pauper childs struggles in the wickedness of Londons thieves kitchens was to become one of his most enduring, popular successes, adapted for stage and screen multiple times since its inception and as popular today as when it was first published.When Dickens began Oliver Twist, he was a young man with a mission to expose the evils of societys treatment of such children as Oliver represents and expose the invidiousness of the contentious Poor Law Amendment Act of 1834. From his birth in the workhouse, where he is badged and ticketed, Oliver is the essence of all that Dickens believes to be wrong with niminy-piminy Society. Indeed, the author believed that by making his readers care about one such boy, he could m ake them care about many. Though it may be a mistake to think of Oliver Twist as a realistic degree it nevertheless contains enduring truths and such descriptions as the paupers funeral in Chapter Five were also historically accurate.The novel concerns the story of a child, born out of wedlock in the workhouse of a certain town. By refusing to name the town, Dickens is not only dismissive of all such places as not worth the trouble of mentioning but also imposing a comprehensively applicable generic, as he is on the emblematic child himself. After a series of early struggles, set pieces, such as Olivers asking for more, having become so powerfully entrenched in the public consciousness as to make them almost clichd, Oliver becomes so desperate that he walks to London and is immediately sucked into the creation of thieves and vagabonds which so powerfully populate the novel. A palpable concern with these characters, such as Fagin and Sikes, is that they are, in common with many of Dickens villains, more charismatic than the philanthropic and certainly, one of the reasons readers continue to be drawn to the story is the evil genius that is Fagin, persistently referred to as the Jew. This is in itself problematic in contemporary society, as the inborn anti-Semitism which attaches to Dickens descriptions of him are difficult for the modern reader to dispassionately assimilate. Yet, in his rendering of Fagins gang and their surroundings, Dickens intended a realism that he felt was lacking in the popular crime manufacture of the time, the so called Newgate Novels.Oliver finds some solace in the company of the urchin robbers, such as Dodger, nurtured by Fagin and in this the reader perceives a connection with Dickens own early struggles alone in London.When the intricacies of the plot deliver Oliver back and forth between what we later observe is his natural environment, that of the upper-class Brownlow et al, a certain energy is removed from the novel until, v ia Nancy and Bills violent relationship and her betrayal of him to save the child, the appalling invigoration of the story reappears. This complex relationship is in fact possibly one of the more contemporaneously resonant within the novel.Indeed, it is said that Dickens, when acting out the scene of Sikes murder of Nancy, frequently came close to sensual collapse since this, combined with the insidious malevolence of Fagin that urged Sikes to it, is one of the more terrifying yet gripping moments in the book. Its pixilated appeal, indeed, may cause the reader to question his own moral sensibility in finding such wickedness such a compelling draw. It is, indeed, interest to take note that when David Lean filmed the novel so brilliantly in 1948, possibly due to censorship, he cut away from the violence to focus on Sikes dog desperately nerve-wracking to escape. Nancy remains one of the finer and more subtle creations in a novel teeming with emblematic caricatures, her pain at b etraying Bill fully revealed in her confession to the character of whom she is in many ways the inverse, Rose, who cannot understand her compulsion to return to Sikes any more than Nancy can herselfI dont know what it is, answered the girl I only know that it is so, and not with me alone, but with hundreds of differents as bad and wretched as myself. I must go back. Whether it is divinitys wrath for the wrong I have done, I do not know but I am drawn back to him by every suffering and ill usage and I should be, I believe, if I knew that I was to die by his hand at last.Nancy is describing the purest of loves and by rendering a prostitute capable of such delicacy and depth of feeling Dickens was yet again giving a voice to those that had none. Both in his fiction and in his life, indeed, Dickens spoke out time and time again for those whom society, for one reason or some other, cast out.In the final analysis, Dickens achievement in Oliver Twist is fundamental to its continuing ap peal. It has, within its pages, the evocation of both the era in which it was set and the possibility of the perpetuation of evil which continues to bide within mankind. Historically, one cannot imagine the possibility of a realisation of social iniquity which is beyond or above that realised in Olivers story and in this, the child does indeed, as Dickens intended, represent the small voice of the innocent against the power and invidiousness of an uncaring mass. As an enduring emblem of the many, this one, lonely child, Oliver Twist, became, both contemporaneously and for future generations, a symbol of both the deep despair and profound hope he definitively embodies.BibliographyPeter Ackroyd, Dickens, (Sinclair Stevenson, London, 1990).Charles Dickens, Oliver Twist, (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999).John Forster, The Life of Charles Dickens in Two Volumes, (J.M. Dent Sons, London, 1966).Ruth Glancy, Student Companion to Charles Dickens, (Greenwood Press, Westport CT, 1999). F. Hopkinson Smith, In Dickenss London, (Charles Scribers Sons, New York, 1916).John Manning, Dickens on Education, (University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1959).Steven Marcus, Dickens, from Pickwick to Dombey, (Basic Books, New York, 1965).John R. Reed, Dickens and Thackeray Punishment and Forgiveness, (Ohio University Press, Athens, OH, 1995).capital of Minnesota Schlicke, Dickens and Popular Entertainment, (Unwin Hyman, London, 1988).Types of Neighbourhoods Exam RevisionTypes of Neighbourhoods Exam RevisionMalachi-Chaim RobinsonJason RhodesEssay Exam 1Part 1- Short AnswerJacobs to contend there are only cardinal types of neighborhoods (1) the street neighborhood, (2) districts of 100,000 people or more, and (3) the city as a whole. This ideas definitely reflect in the idea of city planning. It is noteworthy to note that Jacobs considers these to be the ideal take on what a neighborhood to have in order to not be dependent on economics and that these three types of neighborhoods enable people to come together in unity and harmony and that is when the neighborhood is most successful. And also she believes that the continuity these neighborhood bring definelty help nurture the social interactions among the people to have a healthy and safe environment. These three types are also colligate as they describe that the planning of a city needs to take place from the street level perspective and the goal needs to support and promote the vitality of city streets. And the biggest thing of how these are related is that the city is organized in a complex fashion. Thus, everything is interrelated and everything is related to everything. So any attempts to simplify anything hurts the people of the city and planning.Kevin kill was able to tuck urban designers to a new idea about the urbanism of a city. He focused on how the people in the city used and perceived the physical environment and not the traditional way by the use of learning about the city through maps. Lyn ch was able to gather his research after(prenominal) a five year long examination of the most important elements of the city perceived by the residents in that area and his goal reflected his vision of identifying the most important features to the people in that area. His core concept was the idea of legibility which is how easy the paths of the cityscape can be organized into a recognizable pattern. He conducted his research in three cities and identified the five key elements that make up the perceived elements of the city path, edges, districts, nodes, and landmarks. The path consists of the channels along which the observer moves. This includes streets, paths, routes and this the single most important mechanism in the idea of promoting urban legibility because this is how people experience the city. And the idea that people are using paths constructed in their mental message demonstrates the idea of the promotion of legibility as they are able to recognize the paths of the ci tyscape. Landmarks are point references which are similar to nodes. Contrasting nodes, landmarks are outdoor(a) features to the individuals and where they write checkmate during their travels. They are often physical structures and is extensive. Landmarks help promote the idea of urban legibility as they are used by people to help burst understand and navigate the environment that was built.In Building American Cityscapes, Edward Muller argues that the American urban landscape painting reflects a unifying consensus founded on a capitalistic economy and cock-a-hoop social philosophy (304). Basically, in lament terms, Muller is arguing that the characteristics of the American system ideals is written into the landscape and is shaped differently from other cities and countries. An example of this in the text is when he argues that ideally, the transformation of the American system has been transformed and impacted by the change from the original urban settlements in labor union A merica that reflected the derivative transplants of European societies (304). The furtherization from the idea of the founding roots built the nationwide enterprise of the current kingdom and premise of which Muller argues of the capitalistic economy. The liberal social philosophy stresses the freedom and rights of the individual marked by the government protecting these fundamental rights. An example of this is in the text is when Muller said substantial infusionsofdiverse immigrant groups have testedthissocial vision,butageneral adherenceto theliberal philosophyin agrowingeconomy diminished rigid class stratification, effected a sharing of the power and wealth with upwardly mobile generations, and produced a dynamic yet messy social geography (304). Thus, changes and marks have impacted the environment and changed the way in how the environment is looked and perceived as the current American urban landscape according to Muller. And due to the new center of the economics at the c enter of the American landscape, these changes have been reflected the consequences by the geographical nature.Part 2- Essay Answer to Question 1More and more people have been moving to the suburbia since the 1950s and it has become the place to live. But, also to geographers it has become and study and a huge cultural discussion. Geographers have researched and tried to create a set of definitions or a criteria that defines a suburbia. In fact, contrary to popular belief while researching and trying to determine the suburb is from different approaches and cultural angles, it has been found that the concept and idea of the suburbia is a hotly discussed and popular issue among geographers. So many definitions are proposed for the suburbia, but geographers do agree on the fact there are few people who even understand the idea and concept in this cosmea as to what a suburbia truly is.So what exactly is a suburbia? The urban settings are inside of the main city and urban areas have hig h population densities and lots of businesses that are centralized in that area in order for people and there is some stress on interpersonal relationships because of overcrowding. On the contrast, outlandish settings are completely different and are far from the city and the density of the population in the rural settings is low. Few businesses can give to the people. The suburbia is the level between the rural and urban areas. It consists of neighborhoods that surrounds the city but not located in the centralized location of where people go or congregate to. The suburbia exists really on the outer edge districts and is characterized by housing area, some shopping avenues, and some schools.In pile Howard Kunstlers TED talk, he basically is able to dictate that public places should be inspired by the centers of civil life and the idea of common good. Also, he argues that he believes that there are locations or places in America that should not be worth caring about. Kunstler is a sense impression relates to the ideas and concepts proposed by Jane Jacobs. Jane Jacobs was an urbanist pioneer that examined how planners plan the city and the various concerns that face-lift when planning the city. She even researches as to what factors directly lead to the success of neighborhoods, sidewalks, and such. She has even contributed this success because of the rising demand for diversity. In Kunstlers view we see his caution of the trust in the suburbia because no one cares to know each other and develop social interactions. People keep to themselves and there is a sense of a lack of trust in the eyes of the community among neighbors. This critique reflected the idea of Jacobs in sense. Both agree that lack of trust and fear is spare among urbanism and both agree that if this problem is captured it can be definitely changed and impacted. Kunstler believes that if you get to know the people and environment approximately you, this can definitely have an impact on h ow the fear can be resolved in a sense. Jacobs, on the other hand argues for the development of surveillance. Even though the two have different solutions, both can agree on the concept that neighborhoods become successful when the problem is identified and fixed in the best way possible. some other concept that be realized is that both Jacobs and Kunstler agree on the fact that a change in the planning of the city needs to be in order to bring continuity in order to have social interactions in order to foster a healthy and safe environment, which Kunstler argues.In James Howard Kunstlers TED talk, he basically is able to dictate that public places should be inspired by the centers of civil life and the idea of common good. Also, he argues that he believes that there are locations or places in America that should not be worth caring about. Kunstler is a sense relates to the ideas and concepts proposed by Kevin Lynch. Lynch was an urban sodbuster that was able to research and dissec t on the perceptions and the navigation of the environment by the people in relation to city planning. He is able to examine how the external factors of the environment affects the people along with space and time. Lynch says that specific and definite elements such as the path, district, landmark, edge, and node exists in the complexity in every structure. Kunstlers ideas as a stretched part on my end also reveals a want for the city to be transformed into an imageable landscape which is similar to Lynch. In fact, both can agree on the fact that the city can be transformed into different view by considering the environment. If this is done, both also agree the people in that community can perceive the place with different perceptions and meanings. Thus, change can impact the people living in that area. Both Kunstler and Lynch both definitely share the idea that there needs to be a change in the development and planning of the city. Both Lynch and Kunstler stems from different backg rounds and different approaches ideally, but both argue on the same premise that the environment needs to be altered in order to impact the people around it. In a sense, the landscape of the environment are being shaped and reshaped by the social interactions and perceptions of what it should be in that particular area. It seems as if both Lynch and Kunstler seems to grasp the concept of the urban life and environmental images.In conclusion, Kunstler ideas seems to relate back to the pioneers of the great field of urbanism in this subject. There is a definite jibe of Kunstlers work to Jane Jacobs and Kevin Lynch. Kunstler is definitely able to cover the history and development of the planning of specific cities and suburbs. He is able to critically examine how land have been used and misused, rather than for the collective group effort. Kunstler definitely blames the fall of suburbia due to the automobile industry and the destruction on the idea of what a community is in the idea o f an urban sprawl. Kunstler definitely has some good points to show how history has shaped the ideas of neighborhoods. The fact alone is that Kunstler is a controversial figure.Reflection sympathetic Resources and CSRReflection mankind Resources and CSRThis essay would cover three major aspects of human resource lotment in my previous employment.HRM in my organizationHRM and CSRHRM policies during recessionHuman resource management can be described as an approach to management that consider people as its key resources. For every organization their employees are the key resource for success. Without co-operation or commitment from employees, organizations cant achieve heights. In a broader sense HRM is defined as the part of management process that specializes in the management of people in work organizations.HRM emphasizes that employees are critical in achieving sustainable competitive advantage, that human resource specialists help organisational controllers to meet both effici ency and equity objectives(The human resource managementTheory and Practice pg11)HRM in my organizationIn my limited experience I have seen a grade of HRM activities by HRM professional in my organization.HR managers are considered as single point of contact for employees for all the HR related issues.HRM holds a significant routine in managing employees in an organization. Behaviour theorists suggests that behaviour and performance of the human resource is a mesh of at least four variables ability, motivation, role perception and situational contingencies.(McShane,1995). strategic management of people has been considered as a primary goal for HRM. Strategies has been formulated at the organizational level by the senior management and then it has been distributed to the melody level and then to Functional level.HR managers has to leverage the organizational schema to the line managers.HR managers has to motivate employees to achieve the common goal or the organizational strateg y.HRM activities includes a range of activities from recruitment, training, appraisal and rewards.HR managers are linked to an employee from the time he joins the organization to the time he leave of absences the organization. An HR manager has to keep record of all the employees working in the particular organization. In my experience HR team conducts recruitment nursing homed on the requirement from each business unit to carry out a project.HR team first analyze the available internal work force and then if not found enough resources, then conduct recruitments. Appropriate candidates are shortlisted and then interviewed.HR manager role also includes planning induction training for the new joiners, creating training plan from the employees, making a buffer pool to manage surplus employees in the organization and also to take care of employee separation processes.In my personal view my previous employer Tech Mahindra limited follows Guest illustration of HRM. According to Guest m odel of HRM core set of HRM practices can achieve topnotch individual and organizational performance. The central hypothesis of HRM is that if an integrated set of HRM practices are applied in a coherent fashion with a view to achieving normative goals of high commitment, high quality and task flexibility then superior individual performance will result.(Braton, Gold Human Resource ManagementTheory and Practice pg21).In Techmahindra HR practices are performed in such a way that employees are given proper training and are rewarded properly so that their commitment to the organization will increase. They are made aware of the organizational strategy and the organizational goals. By doing like that each employee will work towards achieving that common goal. We also had a forum call JOSH which represents fun and entertainment of employees in the organization. JOSH club will organize events throughout the year so that employees can participate in those events and can relax from the wor k load. This will create a good work environment for the employees. I consider this as a good HR strategy to give employee a warm feeling in the organization.Picture adapted from Lecture2 hand out.I can clearly say that in my previous employment the HRM cycle was similar to the HRM Cycle substantial by Fomburn(1984).Once the employee is selected to the organization then he will be evaluated yearly based on his performance. Manager will assign goals to employee that needs to be achieved during the fiscal year. At the end of financial year appraisal discussion will take place between employee and manager and will review how far the employee achieved his/her goals. ground on that if required manager will ask the employee to attend training programmes or if the employee performs exceptionally then he/she will be nominated for a reward and will receive a hike in his/her pay.HRM and CSRCorporate Social Responsibility Corporate social responsibility (CSR), also known as corporate consci ence, corporate citizenship or corporate social performance, is a form of corporate self-regulation integrated into a business model.(Source Wood, D. (1991)). CSR focused business promotes public interest by encouraging community exploitation and development and eliminating practices that harm public sphere regardless of legality.All major transnational firms have CSR policy associated with their organizational policy. All organization has a responsibility to the society. Many organizations follow different procedures for CSR.CSR based business promotes public interest by encouraging community growth and development. Organizations focus on growth of the community and society by implementing several welfare schemes.CSR is also considered as a welfare policy that each multinational firms or organization dedicate to the society.In my previous employment we had several schemes included in the CSR policy. In my organization it was considered as an initiative which is voluntarily underta ken by every employee to improve quality of life in the society.CSR reflects organizations brand and value by addressing societies most complex problems and try to bring a sustainable solution(sourceTechMahindra website). HR policies are tailored in such a way that organizational and project goals are not affected by employee participation in CSR activities.several(prenominal) issues that a society faces include lack of proper education in villages, lack of computer in some schools etc. So these issues are taken as part of CSR and each organization with the help of their employees tries to find out a solution. In my previous employment we have taken care of an orphanage. We have supplied them with all the necessary food, provided education and invited them for all the celebrations that we conducted in our office. All employees who are actively involved in the CSR spend valuable time with them when they visited our office. Similarly we have also conducted tree plantation and also imp lemented Go Green policy in office premises. We have taken up a rural village and provided education for women and children. Employees can actively participate in these programs during their free time and on weekends.We have Techmahindra foundation to help and support Education in rural areas, women empowerment and to support the needy. HR policies are made in such a way that employees can provide support to the foundation by giving donations or being a volunteer of the foundation to help and support the CSR activities.HR Policies during recessionEvery organization has a change in their organizational strategy during the economic recession time. Senior management has asked HR professionals to come up with a new HR strategy to deal with the financial crisis. The primary objective of senior management was to reduce cost and maintain financial stability in the organization. Due to financial crisis many organizations had to shut down their operations, many employees lost their job and t hose organizations that survived the crisis are due to proper organizational and HR strategies. Creative human resource management is necessary during the recession period.HRM function has to develop new ideas to bring change to HRM process. These changes bring change in the procedure in which an organization works. The main idea behind brining in new procedures is to reduce cost of the organization. Usually recession period is not considered as a good time to bring HRM Innovations. For most organizations during recession their policies and practices should be base lined on cost cuttingIn my previous employment, during recession period HR professional came up with a strategic plan to find out number of employees that are currently working on projects and employees that are not allocated to any projects. As cost cutting was one of the main objectives HR professionals implemented job rotation scheme so that employees that are working on a project is given an opportunity to work on ano ther project where the organization was actually looking for an external resource. When they found that by job rotation the requirement of external candidate is not required as the internal employee was able to manage the new challenge.Another HR policy was to identify real key employees in the organization. This was done to ensure that key employees dont leave the organization during the recession time. They were made intact to the organization.HR professionals has also implemented some policies to find out employees that are not performing up to the expectation. Those employees were put in a job pool and have given opportunity to develop their skills and apply for new roles outside the organization. Most organizations were following lay-off scheme during the recession time as an easy way of cost cutting. In my organization we valued commitment of employees to the organization. So instead of relieving employees they were given a nominal amount as salary and a space to develop their skills. If an employee shows his/her skills then he/she will be taken back into project with the normal pay.During recession period HR officials were forced to revisit the training plans and make suitable arrangements so that trainings will not incur heavy cost for the organization.CONCLUSIONI could clearly state that in my previous employment the HR strategy was intact with the organisational strategy, where the strategy was driven by HR. Resource based view of strategy was given more importance.HRM policies and practices should be tailored by considering employees as their key resources.